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Human beings have believed in conspiracies presumably as long as there have been groups of at least three people in which one was convinced that the other two were plotting against him or her. In that sense one might look back as far as Eve and the serpent to find the world's first conspiracy. Whereas recent generations have tended to find their conspiracies in politics and government, the past often sought its mysteries in religious cults or associations. In ancient Rome, for example, the senate tried to prohibit the cult of Isis lest its euphoric excesses undermine public morality and political stability. And during the Middle Ages, many rulers feared such powerful and mysterious religious orders as the Knights Templar.Fascination with the arcane is a driving force in this comprehensive survey of conspiracy fiction. Theodore Ziolkowski traces the evolution of cults, orders, lodges, secret societies, and conspiracies through various literary manifestations-drama, romance, epic, novel, opera-down to the thrillers of the twenty-first century. Arguing that the lure of the arcane throughout the ages has remained a constant factor of human fascination, Ziolkowski demonstrates that the content of conspiracy has shifted from religion by way of philosophy and social theory to politics. In the process, he reveals, the underlying mythic pattern was gradually co-opted for the subversive ends of conspiracy. Cults and Conspiracies considers Euripides's Bacchae, Andreae's Chymical Wedding, Mozart's The Magic Flute, and Eco's Foucault's Pendulum, among other seminal works. Mimicking the genre's quest-driven narrative arc, the reader searches for the significance of conspiracy fiction and is rewarded with the author's cogent reflections in the final chapter. After much investigation, Ziolkowski reinforces Umberto Eco's notion that the most powerful secret, the magnetic center of conspiracy fiction, is in fact "a secret without content."

Secrecy in literature. --- Secret societies in literature. --- Conspiracy in literature.

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Depuis l'Antiquité, les îles ont été abondamment décrites et cartographiées. Au XVe siècle, grâce au "Liber Insularum Arcipelagi" de Cristoforo Buondelmonte, les îles de l'archipel grec deviennent le modèle que l'on retrouve plus tard chez François Rabelais, et deux siècles après encore chez Jonathan Swift. À partir de cet ouvrage, maintes fois recopié, varié, glosé, se développe un genre, l'Isolario, ou "Insulaire", c'est-à-dire la collection d'îles, ou l'atlas d'îles, dont les exemples se multiplient jusqu'au XVIIIe siècle, tantôt manuscrits et tantôt imprimés, en Italie d'abord, puis dans tous les pays d'Europe, de l'Espagne à la Hollande. L'un des Insulaires les plus connus est celui du cosmographe André Thevet, élaboré vers 1586 et demeure inachevé, riche de quelque trois cents cartes d'îles et étendu à toutes les mers du globe. Parallèlement, l'attention continue de se porter sur Lucien de Samosate dont l'Histoire vraie n'en finit pas d'être relue, pour alimenter les voyages de Pantagruel, puis ceux de Gulliver. Ces études sur l'Insulaire, autrement dit les divers avatars d'un archipel universel en constante expansion, esquissent une réflexion sur la diversité non seulement des formes du savoir géographique, mais plus généralement des formes littéraires, histoire, encyclopédies, dictionnaires, récits de voyage, fictions viatiques ou poésie.

Islands in literature --- Imaginary places in literature.

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Postcolonial Justice addresses a major issue in current postcolonial theory and beyond, namely, the question of how to reconcile an ethics grounded in the reciprocal acknowledgment of diversity and difference with the normative, if not universal thrust that appears to energize any notion of justice. The concept of postcolonial justice shared by the essays in this volume carries an unwavering commitment to difference within and beyond Europe, while equally rejecting radical cultural essentialisms, which refuse to engage in "utopian ideals" of convivial exchange across a plurality of subject positions. Such utopian ideals can no longer claim universal validity, as in the tradition of the European enlightenment; instead they are bound to local frames of speaking from which they project world.

Postcolonialism in literature. --- Postcolonialism in literature --- Law

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Six chapters, divided into four paths, over a time span that from the 19th Century reaches the year 2000, have made it possible to give voice to canonical authors and outsiders, to prose writers and poets who investigate and confront on one of the most dramatical themes of the contemporary consciousness, that of oncological disease. A sort of oncography syllabary characterized by an extraordinary mixture of medical terminology and commonplaces, colloquial expressions and courtly loans from classical languages, foreign idioms, dialects and periphrastic language originated from 'oncologhems' used instead of the word 'cancer', as well as from synaesthesias, tropes, processes, remembrances, olfactory and visual perceptions and the inflation of interrupted works.

Cancer in literature. --- Diseases in literature.

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What is honour, and how does it affect our lives? In contemporary Western cultures, honour seems to have lost its dominant role as a key concept for denoting central dynamics of human life, both individually and socially. In the Scandinavian countries, a slow revolution has taken place throughout history from the strong Norse honour culture to the post-war egalitarian and equality-oriented welfare society which appears to be an after-honour culture. What are the reasons for this weakening, and what are its consequences? Are we living with new forms of honour, and what does it mean to live in an after-honour culture? The focal point and chief target of the discussions is literature, primarily Scandinavian, but also other textual expressions. The book is aimed at readers interested in literature, but the topic is interdisciplinary and should therefore appeal to a wider audience. This volume emanates from the project After Honour, initiated by the research group Literature and Affect at Institute of Scandinavian Studies, University of Oslo. The 15 articles are written by scholars from Norway, Denmark and Iceland: Per Thomas Andersen, Aasta Marie Bjorvand Bjørkøy, Mads B. Claudi, Johanne Walle Jomisko de Figueiredo, Jon Gunnar Jørgensen, Anne-Marie Mai, Thorstein Norheim, Nasim Karim, Jan Erik Rekdal, Peter Simonsen, Simen Syvertsen, Cecilie Takle, Torfi H. Tulinius and Mikkel Bruun Zangenberg.

Honor in literature.